Ingredients are listed by weight, so the first few matter most. A named animal protein (chicken, beef, salmon) as the first ingredient is a good sign. "Meat meal" from a named source is also nutrient-dense and legitimate.
The AAFCO statement is the real seal of completeness — it confirms the food is "complete and balanced" for a life stage (growth, maintenance, or all life stages). Without it, the food is only a snack.
Beware vague terms like "meat by-products" or "animal fat" without a named source. Some by-products are nutritious, but transparency matters. Grain-free is not automatically healthier; unless your dog has a diagnosed grain allergy, whole grains like brown rice are fine.
Guaranteed analysis shows crude protein and fat minimums and moisture and fiber maximums — but percentages shift once you account for moisture. Compare dry foods on a dry-matter basis for a fair fight.
Your individual dog's needs — age, size, activity, allergies — beat any label claim. When in doubt, ask your veterinarian to help you choose a diet backed by feeding trials, not just marketing.