Litter box avoidance is one of the top reasons cats are surrendered. Rule number one: a sudden change almost always warrants a vet visit — urinary tract infections, blockages, and arthritis pain are common medical causes.
The classic rule is one box per cat, plus one extra, spread across different locations. Covered boxes trap odor and feel confining to some cats; many prefer open, roomy boxes in quiet, low-traffic spots.
Cats are particular about substrate. Most prefer unscented, clumping litter about an inch or two deep. Sudden switches to a new brand or scent can trigger rejection — transition gradually if you must change.
Cleanliness matters enormously. Scoop daily and wash the box with mild soap weekly. Strong chemical cleaners can repel a sensitive nose.
If the problem is location-based (a busy hallway, near a loud appliance, or where another pet ambushes), simply moving the box often resolves it. Patience and a veterinary check beat punishment every time.
